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Such circuits are widely used for frequency conversion in radio systems. [1] The advantage of this circuit is the output current is an accurate multiplication of the (differential) base currents of both inputs. As a mixer, its balanced operation cancels out many unwanted mixing products, resulting in a "cleaner" output.
A ring modulator is an electronic device for ring modulation. A ring modulator may be used in music synthesizers and as an effects unit. The name derives from the fact that the analog circuit of diodes originally used to implement this technique takes the shape of a ring: a diode ring. [2]
Mixers may be built of discrete components, may be part of integrated circuits, or can be delivered as hybrid modules. Schematic diagram of a double-balanced passive diode mixer (also known as a ring modulator). There is no output unless both f1 and f2 inputs are present, though f2 (but not f1) can be DC.
Block diagram. The NE612 is an integrated circuit for processing of signals, such as in the transmission of radio signals. It consists of a oscillator and a mixer. [1] It can handle signal frequencies of up to 500 MHz and local oscillator frequencies of up to 200 MHz.
In the Armstrong method, the audio signal and the radio frequency carrier signal are applied to the balanced modulator to generate a double sideband suppressed carrier signal. The phase of this output signal is then shifted 90 degrees with respect to the original carrier. The balanced modulator output can either lead or lag the carrier's phase.
A circuit that has the specific purpose of allowing interfacing between balanced and unbalanced circuits is called a balun. A balun could be a transformer with one leg earthed on the unbalanced side as described in the transformer balance section above. Other circuits are possible such as autotransformers or active circuits. [4]
Circuits are required to be balanced or unbalanced depending on the geometry of the transmission lines with which they are to be used. For radio frequency applications, the format is often unbalanced, such as coaxial. For audio and telecommunications, balanced circuits are usually required, such as with the twisted pair format.
Isolation transformer. In classical transformers, there are two electrically separate windings of wire coils around the transformer's core. The advantage of transformer-type over other types of balun is that the electrically separate windings for input and output allow these baluns to connect circuits whose ground-level voltages are subject to ground loops or are otherwise electrically ...