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The parts of the County of Flanders west of the river Scheldt became part of France during the Middle Ages, but the remainders of the County of Flanders and the Low Countries were part of the Holy Roman Empire, specifically the stem duchy of Lower Lotharingia, which had a period as an independent kingdom.
As the independent state of Belgium consolidated after the Revolution, the issue of a consensus language in the country became an increasingly important political question. [11] At the start of the period, French was the dominant language, and was the only language that was approved for use in legal and government business anywhere in the country.
King William was not satisfied with the settlement drawn up in London and did not accept Belgium's claim of independence: it divided his kingdom and drastically affected his Treasury. On 2 August 1831 the Dutch army, headed by the Dutch princes, invaded Belgium, in what became known as the " Ten Days' Campaign " On 4 August the Dutch force took ...
The three sons of Louis the Pious divided his territories into three kingdoms: East Francia (the forerunner of modern Germany), West Francia (west of the Scheldt river) a part of which (Ile de France), from the middle of the 10th century became the kernel of modern France, and Middle Francia which was succeeded by Lotharingia.
Art school established in Brussels, later to become the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Brussels. [122] 1713: 29 January: Second Barrier Treaty confirms the closing of the Scheldt. [123] 1714: 6 March: Treaty of Rastatt signed: hostilities between France and Austria arising from War of the Spanish Succession cease; Spanish Netherlands become ...
The independence of Belgium as a state was officially declared on 4 October. On 7 February 1831, the Constitution of Belgium was proclaimed and Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier was declared regent. With Belgium now under a constitutional monarchy, the Provisional Government was dissolved.
France had occupied and annexed Belgium (then a Habsburg territory) in the 1790s, at a time when France was regularly at war with its neighbours. Belgium was placed under Dutch rule after the Congress of Vienna. In 1830, the Belgian Revolution broke out, and French involvement would prove crucial to securing the emerging nation's independence.
24 February – Belgium accedes to the 1841 Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade. [1] 4 March – Karl Marx deported from Belgium; 29 March – Risquons-Tout incident: Belgian troops disperse a revolutionary republican force entering the country from France. 13 June – General election; 12 July - Provincial elections