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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction ( TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull ). The most important feature is pain, followed by restricted mandibular movement, [ 2] and noises ...
Frequency. Unknown. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction ( IPO) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe impairment in the ability of the intestines to push food through. It is characterized by the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without any lesion in the intestinal lumen. [ 1] Clinical features mimic those seen with mechanical intestinal ...
Muscles of mastication. Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric muscles (the lateral ...
Bladder sphincter dyssynergia (also known as detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) (the ICS standard terminology agreed 1998) [1] and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO)) is a consequence of a neurological pathology such as spinal injury [2] or multiple sclerosis [3] which disrupts central nervous system regulation of the micturition (urination) reflex resulting in dyscoordination of the ...
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by pelvic or perineal pain without evidence of urinary tract infection, [ 8] lasting longer than 3 months, [ 9] as the key symptom. Symptoms may wax and wane. Pain can range from mild to debilitating. Pain may radiate to the back and rectum, making sitting uncomfortable ...
Specialty. Gastroenterology. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is the inability to control defecation due to a deterioration of or injury to the nervous system, resulting in faecal incontinence or constipation. [ 1] It is common in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS) or spina bifida. [ 2]
Intussusception is a medical condition in which a part of the intestine folds into the section immediately ahead of it. [ 1] It typically involves the small intestine and less commonly the large intestine. [ 1] Symptoms include abdominal pain which may come and go, vomiting, abdominal bloating, and bloody stool. [ 1]
The jaw elevator muscles develop the main forces used in mastication. The force generated during routine mastication of food such as carrots or meat is about 70 to 150 newtons (16 to 34 lbf ). The maximum masticatory force in some people may reach up to 500 to 700 newtons (110 to 160 lbf ). [1] : 156. The study of masticatory force in patients ...