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Contact hypothesis. In psychology and other social sciences, the contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. Following WWII and the desegregation of the military and other public institutions, policymakers and social scientists had ...
Perception (from Latin perceptio 'gathering, receiving') is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment. [ 2] All perception involves signals that go through the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation ...
Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background ...
Reciprocity (social psychology) In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions. As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are frequently much nicer and much more cooperative than predicted by the self-interest ...
Psychopathy, or psychopathic personality, [1] is a personality construct [2] [3] characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited and egocentric traits, masked by superficial charm and the outward appearance of apparent normalcy.
Construal level theory ( CLT) is a theory in social psychology that describes the relation between psychological distance and the extent to which people's thinking (e.g., about objects and events) is abstract or concrete. [1] [2] The core idea of CLT is that the more distant an object is from the individual, the more abstract it will be thought ...
Psychological refractory period. The term psychological refractory period ( PRP) refers to the period of time during which the response to a second stimulus is significantly slowed because a first stimulus is still being processed. [1] This delay in response time when one is required to divide attention can exhibit a negative effect that is ...
In humans, posture can provide a significant amount of important information through nonverbal communication. Psychological studies have also demonstrated the effects of body posture on emotions. This research can be traced back to Charles Darwin 's studies of emotion and movement in humans and animals. [1] Currently, many studies have shown ...