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Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 were equivalent to 59 billion tonnes of CO 2. Of these emissions, 75% was CO 2, 18% was methane, 4% was nitrous oxide, and 2% was fluorinated gases. [123] CO 2 emissions primarily come from burning fossil fuels to provide energy for transport, manufacturing, heating, and electricity. [5]
A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%, [6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change. [7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated.
The term "net zero" gained popularity after the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published its Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C (SR15) in 2018, this report stated that "Reaching and sustaining net zero global anthropogenic [human-caused] CO 2 emissions and declining net non-CO 2 radiative forcing would halt anthropogenic ...
The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. Other major biogeochemical cycles include the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many rocks ...
Future global warming potential for long lived drivers like carbon dioxide emissions is not represented. The scientific community has been investigating the causes of climate change for decades. After thousands of studies, it came to a consensus, where it is "unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land since pre ...
This warming gets amplified by the net effect of climate feedbacks. Climate sensitivity is a key measure in climate science and describes how much Earth's surface will warm for a doubling in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentration. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Its formal definition is: "The change in the surface temperature in response to a change in ...
The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature show a warming of 1.09 °C (range: 0.95 to 1.20 °C) from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020, based on multiple independently produced datasets. [14] The trend is faster since the 1970s than in any other 50-year period over at least the last 2000 years. [14]
From ancient times, people suspected that the climate of a region could change over the course of centuries. For example, Theophrastus, a pupil of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle in the 4th century BC, told how the draining of marshes had made a particular locality more susceptible to freezing, and speculated that lands became warmer when the clearing of forests exposed them to sunlight.