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Pitirim Sorokin defines horizontal mobility as a change in religious, regional, political, or other horizontal shifts without any change in vertical position. [ 2] According to Andrew W. Lind, horizontal mobility occurs when a person changes their profession, but their social status remains unchanged. Eg. if a doctor switches from a job in ...
Jakarta MRT. The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit ( Indonesian: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta[ a]) or Jakarta MRT ( MRT Jakarta, stylized as mrt jakarta) is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the largest metropolis of Indonesia . The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of ...
Mobilities is a contemporary paradigm in the social sciences that explores the movement of people ( human migration, individual mobility, travel, transport ), ideas (see e.g. meme) and things (transport), as well as the broader social implications of those movements. Mobility can also be thought as the movement of people through social classes ...
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. [ 1] It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. This movement occurs between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification.
Title page of Lucubrationes, 1541 edition, one of the first books to use a variant of the word encyclopedia in the title. An encyclopedia ( American English) or encyclopaedia ( British English) [ 1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [ 2][ 3 ...
Marketing. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. A company may do this via internal expansion or through mergers and acquisitions. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market ...
Horizontal inequality. Horizontal inequality is the inequality—economical, social or other—that does not follow from a difference in an inherent quality such as intelligence, attractiveness or skills for people or profitability for corporations. In sociology, this is particularly applicable to forced inequality between different subcultures ...
Horizontal escalation is a direct contrast to vertical escalation which employs types of weapons not previously used in the conflict. That type of escalation also allows attacking new types of targets in order to have an upper hand to the other combatant. [1] During the Cold War, the risks associated with using escalation were much broader and ...