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It can have many possible causes (such as seasonal affective disorder) and can cause distress and problems with functioning. [1] In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ), hypersomnolence, of which there are several subtypes, appears under sleep-wake disorders .
The DSM-5 diagnosis was updated because DSM-IV criteria resulted in overuse of the diagnosis; [15] that is, DSM-IV criteria led to many patients being misdiagnosed with the disorder. DSM-IV prevalence estimates were less than one percent of the population, in the range of 0.5–0.8 percent; [17] newer DSM-5 prevalence estimates are not yet ...
The cause of delusional disorder is unknown, [8] but genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors may play a significant role in its development. [better source needed] Some people with delusional disorders may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that send and receive messages to the brain. [18]
Outside the mood disorders: borderline personality disorder often features an extremely intense depressive mood; adjustment disorder with depressed mood is a psychological response to an identifiable event or stressor, in which the resulting emotional or behavioral symptoms are significant but do not meet the criteria for a major depressive ...
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [14] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 5 of the ICD specifically covers mental and behavioral disorders.
[112] [113] [failed verification] Major depressive disorder is classified as a mood disorder in the DSM-5. [114] The diagnosis hinges on the presence of single or recurrent major depressive episodes. [115] Further qualifiers are used to classify both the episode itself and the course of the disorder.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was once an anxiety disorder (now moved to trauma- and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-V) that results from a traumatic experience. PTSD affects approximately 3.5% of U.S. adults every year, and an estimated one in eleven people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their lifetime. [ 29 ]
[4] [5] Additionally, developmental disorders such as autism typically have a genetic basis and become apparent at birth or early in life as opposed to the acquired nature of neurocognitive disorders. Causes vary between the different types of disorders but most include damage to the memory portions of the brain.