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Project Gutenberg ( PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks ." [ 2] It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library. [ 3] Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of books or individual stories in ...
Open Library. Open Library is an online project intended to create "one web page for every book ever published". Created by Aaron Swartz, [ 3][ 4] Brewster Kahle, [ 5] Alexis Rossi, [ 6] Anand Chitipothu, [ 6] and Rebecca Malamud, [ 6] Open Library is a project of the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization.
Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library website founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 4 ] It provides free access to collections of digitized materials including websites, software applications, music, audiovisual, and print materials. The Archive also advocates for a free and open Internet.
Z-Library (abbreviated as z-lib, formerly BookFinder) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic texts and general-interest books. It began as a mirror of Library Genesis , but has expanded dramatically.
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
LibreOffice. Free ( Mozilla Public License) an Office suite; allows to export (and import, with accuracy limitations) PDF files. Microsoft Word 2013. Proprietary. Desktop software. The 2013 edition of Office allows PDF files to be converted into a format that can be edited. Nitro PDF Reader.
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Apache Lucene. Apache Lucene is a free and open-source search engine software library, originally written in Java by Doug Cutting. It is supported by the Apache Software Foundation and is released under the Apache Software License. Lucene is widely used as a standard foundation for production search applications. [ 2][ 3][ 4]