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Graphics display was facilitated by the use of an expansion card with its own memory plugged into an ISA slot. The first IBM PC to use the SMA was the IBM PCjr, released in 1984. Video memory was shared with the first 128 KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet the needs of the current program.
Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) is a cross-vendor set of specifications that allow for the integration of central processing units and graphics processors on the same bus, with shared memory and tasks. [1] The HSA is being developed by the HSA Foundation, which includes (among many others) AMD and ARM.
HSA defines a special case of memory sharing, where the MMU of the CPU and the IOMMU of the GPU have an identical pageable virtual address space.. In computer hardware, shared memory refers to a (typically large) block of random access memory (RAM) that can be accessed by several different central processing units (CPUs) in a multiprocessor computer system.
Diagram of a symmetric multiprocessing system. Symmetric multiprocessing or shared-memory multiprocessing [1] (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all input and output devices, and are controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all ...
Uniform memory access (UMA) is a shared memory architecture used in parallel computers.All the processors in the UMA model share the physical memory uniformly. In an UMA architecture, access time to a memory location is independent of which processor makes the request or which memory chip contains the transferred data.
Chip RAM [1] is a commonly used term for the integrated RAM used in Commodore's line of Amiga computers. Chip RAM is shared between the central processing unit (CPU) and the Amiga's dedicated chipset (hence the name). [2] It was also, rather misleadingly, known as "graphics RAM".
Each processor has no direct knowledge about other processor's memory. For data to be shared, it must be passed from one processor to another as a message. Since there is no shared memory, contention is not as great a problem with these machines. It is not economically feasible to connect a large number of processors directly to each other.
[citation needed] The memory pool is accessed by the operating system or applications running on top of the operating system. The distributed memory pool can then be utilized as a high-speed cache, a messaging layer, or a large, shared memory resource for a CPU or a GPU application.
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