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External self-justification refers to the use of external excuses to justify one's actions. The excuses can be a displacement of personal responsibility, lack of self-control or social pressures. External self-justification aims to diminish one's responsibility for a behavior and is usually elicited by moral dissonance. For example, the smoker ...
Level four defence mechanisms serve the purpose of protecting an individual's self-esteem. There are several processes that people may use, such as devaluation and idealization of self-image and others-image, as well as omnipotence. These mechanisms assist in preserving a healthy self-perception during times of psychological instability.
Ideal self – ideal attributes the person would like to possess (hopes, aspiration, motivations to change) Ought self – ideal attributes the person believes they should possess (duties, obligations, responsibilities) When these self-guides are contradictory psychological distress (cognitive dissonance) results.
But it really wasn’t, because it came as part of a wave of self-censorship by powerful people and corporations in the media business, as Trump prepares to take office.
In psychology, intellectualization (intellectualisation) is a defense mechanism by which reasoning is used to block confrontation with an unconscious conflict and its associated emotional stress – where thinking is used to avoid feeling. [1] It involves emotionally removing one's self from a stressful event.
In particular, a habitual and persistent unwillingness to experience uncomfortable thoughts and feelings (and the associated avoidance and inhibition of these experiences) is thought to be linked to a wide range of problems, as opposed to deliberately choosing discomfort, which only results in discomfort. [2] [3] [4]
With a purpose to apprehend how the ego uses defense mechanisms, it is important to apprehend the defense mechanisms themselves and the way they function. A few defense mechanisms are visible as protecting us from the internal impulses (e.g., repression); other defense mechanisms guard us from external threats (e.g., denial).
Auto-antonym, a word with multiple meanings of which one is the reverse of another; Oxymoron, a figure of speech that juxtaposes concepts with opposing meanings within a word or phrase that creates an ostensible self-contradiction; Paradox, a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation