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  2. Aerial root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_root

    Aerial roots are roots growing above the ground. They are often adventitious , i.e. formed from nonroot tissue. They are found in diverse plant species, including epiphytes such as orchids ( Orchidaceae ), tropical coastal swamp trees such as mangroves , banyan figs ( Ficus subg.

  3. Basal shoot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_shoot

    A plant that produces root sprouts or runners is described as surculose. [1] Water sprouts produced by adventitious buds may occur on the above-ground stem, branches or both of trees and shrubs. Suckers are shoots arising underground from the roots some distance from the base of a tree or shrub. [1]

  4. Gravitropism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitropism

    That is, roots grow in the direction of gravitational pull (i.e., downward) and stems grow in the opposite direction (i.e., upwards). This behavior can be easily demonstrated with any potted plant. When laid onto its side, the growing parts of the stem begin to display negative gravitropism, growing (biologists say, turning; see tropism ...

  5. Root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root

    They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water. [2] Roots can be very fine like a thread or massive like those of the Sitka Spruce which, in an individual named "The Octopus Tree" at Trees of Mystery in northern California , has exposed ...

  6. Rhizome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizome

    The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots to grow upwards. [4] A rhizome is the main stem of the plant that runs typically underground and horizontally to the soil surface. [5] [6] Rhizomes have nodes and internodes and auxiliary buds. [7] Roots do not have nodes and internodes and have a root cap terminating their ends. [8]

  7. Tree line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line

    The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all. [4]: 55 Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.

  8. Cypress knee - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress_knee

    A cypress knee is a distinctive structure forming above the roots of a cypress tree of any of various species of the subfamily Taxodioideae, such as the bald cypress. Their function is unknown, but they are generally seen on trees growing in swamps.

  9. Tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree

    The main purpose of the trunk is to raise the leaves above the ground, enabling the tree to overtop other plants and outcompete them for light. [61] It also transports water and nutrients from the roots to the aerial parts of the tree, and distributes the food produced by the leaves to all other parts, including the roots. [62]