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As of 2006, more than 41 sites on the human genome have been linked to the development of obesity when a favorable environment is present. [8] Some of these obesogenic (weight gain) or leptogenic (weight loss) genes may influence the obese individual's response to weight loss or weight management. [9]
Gene–environment correlations (or rGE) is correlation of two traits, e.g. height and weight, which would mean that when one changes, so does the other. Gene–environment correlations can arise by both causal and non-causal mechanisms. [1] Of principal interest are those causal mechanisms which indicate genetic control over environmental ...
Nature versus nurture is a long-standing debate in biology and society about the relative influence on human beings of their genetic inheritance (nature) and the environmental conditions of their development ().
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Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health. People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships.
The interaction between the genetic factors and environmental stimulus is what results in the disease phenotype. [19] There may be significant public health benefits in using gene by environment interactions to prevent or cure disease. [20] An individual's response to a drug can result from various gene by environment interactions. [19]
Bioactive food components that influence epigenetic processes range from vitamins such as A, B6, and B12 to alcohol and elements such as arsenic, cadmium, and selenium. [3] Dietary methyl supplements such as extra folic acid and choline can also have adverse effects on epigenetic gene regulation. [1] [10]
In humans, when calories are restricted because of war, famine, or diet, lost weight is typically regained quickly, including for obese patients. [2] In the Minnesota Starvation Experiment, after human subjects were fed a near-starvation diet for a period, losing 66% of their initial fat mass, and later allowed to eat freely, they reattained and even surpassed their original fat levels ...