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  2. DNA footprinting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_footprinting

    Add protein of interest to a portion of the labeled template DNA; a portion should remain separate without protein, for later comparison. Add a cleavage agent to both portions of DNA template. The cleavage agent is a chemical or enzyme that will cut at random locations in a sequence independent manner.

  3. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    The double-stranded structure of DNA provides a simple mechanism for DNA replication. Here, the two strands are separated and then each strand's complementary DNA sequence is recreated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. This enzyme makes the complementary strand by finding the correct base through complementary base pairing and bonding it onto ...

  4. DNA sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing

    A microwell containing a template DNA strand to be sequenced is flooded with a single type of nucleotide. If the introduced nucleotide is complementary to the leading template nucleotide it is incorporated into the growing complementary strand. This causes the release of a hydrogen ion that triggers a hypersensitive ion sensor, which indicates ...

  5. Sanger sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanger_sequencing

    Following rounds of template DNA extension from the bound primer, the resulting DNA fragments are heat denatured and separated by size using gel electrophoresis. In the original publication of 1977, [ 6 ] the formation of base-paired loops of ssDNA was a cause of serious difficulty in resolving bands at some locations.

  6. Site-directed mutagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-directed_mutagenesis

    The template DNA must be eliminated by enzymatic digestion with a restriction enzyme such as DpnI, which is specific for methylated DNA. All DNA produced from most Escherichia coli strains would be methylated; the template plasmid that is biosynthesized in E. coli will, therefore, be digested, while the mutated plasmid, which is generated in ...

  7. Single-molecule real-time sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-molecule_real-time...

    The DNA sequencing is done on a chip that contains many ZMWs. Inside each ZMW, a single active DNA polymerase with a single molecule of single stranded DNA template is immobilized to the bottom through which light can penetrate and create a visualization chamber that allows monitoring of the activity of the DNA polymerase at a single molecule level.

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  9. Artificial gene synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis

    Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory. It comprises two main steps, the first of which is solid-phase DNA synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing. [1]