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Placenta praevia refers to when the placenta of a growing foetus is attached abnormally low within the uterus. Intermittent antepartum haemorrhaging occurs in 72% of women living with placenta praevia. [6] The severity of a patient's placenta praevia depends on the location of placental attachment;
83,100 (2015) [5] Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood following childbirth. [2] Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for the condition to exist. [6] Signs and symptoms may initially include: an increased heart ...
A placental disease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta. [1][2] Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia, placental abruptions and intrauterine growth ...
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. [2] It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy. [2] Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure. [1] Complications for the mother can include disseminated ...
Fetal-maternal haemorrhage is the loss of fetal blood cells into the maternal circulation. It takes place in normal pregnancies as well as when there are obstetric or trauma related complications to pregnancy. Normally the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation are kept from direct contact with each other, with gas and nutrient exchange ...
0.5% of pregnancies [ 5 ] Placenta praevia is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. [ 1 ] Symptoms include vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. [ 1 ] The bleeding is bright red and tends not to be associated with pain. [ 1 ]
Velamentous cord insertion is a complication of pregnancy where the umbilical cord is inserted in the fetal membranes. It is a major cause of antepartum hemorrhage that leads to loss of fetal blood and associated with high perinatal mortality. In normal pregnancies, the umbilical cord inserts into the middle of the placental mass and is ...
Placenta accreta risk factors include placenta previa, abnormally elevated second-trimester AFP and free β-hCG levels, and advanced gestational parent age, specifically over the age of 35. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Furthermore, prior cesarean delivery is one of the most common risk factors for placenta accreta, due to the presence of a uterine scar ...