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A linked list is a sequence of nodes that contain two fields: data (an integer value here as an example) and a link to the next node. The last node is linked to a terminator used to signify the end of the list.
A spreadsheet's concatenate ("&") function is used to assemble a complex text string—in this example, XML code for an SVG "circle" element. In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball".
COBOL uses the STRING statement to concatenate string variables. MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y. Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET can also use the "+" sign but at the risk of ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number are together. Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".
xs = [0, 1, 2] ys = [3, 4, 5] These would be represented in memory by: where a circle indicates a node in the list (the arrow out representing the second element of the node which is a pointer to another node). Now concatenating the two lists: zs = xs ++ ys results in the following memory structure:
equal(S 1 ', S 2 '): checks whether the two given sets are equal (i.e. contain all and only the same elements). hash(S): returns a hash value for the static set S such that if equal(S 1, S 2) then hash(S 1) = hash(S 2) Other operations can be defined for sets with elements of a special type:
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This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion.
Also, from the bound above on the number of buckets, we have T 2 = O(mlog * n). For T 3, suppose we are traversing an edge from u to v, where u and v have rank in the bucket [B, 2 B − 1] and v is not the root (at the time of this traversing, otherwise the traversal would be accounted for in T 1).