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[2] [3] [4] Because sound waves travel efficiently through soil and can be produced with minimal energy expenditure, plants may use sound as a means for interpreting their environment and surroundings. Preliminary evidence supports that plants create sound in root tips when cell walls break. [5] Because plant roots respond only to sound waves ...
A graphic representation of energy transfer between trophic layers in an ecosystem. Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. [1] All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers, and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain.
Phonotropism is the growth of organisms in response to sound stimuli. Root phonotropism is when the roots of a plant grow towards or away in response to a sound source. Acoustic cues are detected by the plant as sound waves which then induces a mechanistic response that changes plant behavior.
This ability to avoid photorespiration makes these plants more hardy than other plants in dry and hot environments, wherein stomata are closed and internal carbon dioxide levels are low. Under these conditions, photorespiration does occur in C 4 plants, but at a much lower level compared with C 3 plants in the same conditions.
The theory is intended to explain how water can reach the uppermost parts of the tallest trees, where the applicability of the cohesion-tension theory is debatable. [ 7 ] The theory assumes that in the uppermost parts of the tallest trees, the vessels of the xylem are coated with thin films of sap.
Photosystem II (of cyanobacteria and green plants) is composed of around 20 subunits (depending on the organism) as well as other accessory, light-harvesting proteins. Each photosystem II contains at least 99 cofactors: 35 chlorophyll a, 12 beta-carotene , two pheophytin , two plastoquinone , two heme , one bicarbonate, 20 lipids, the Mn
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The pressure flow hypothesis, also known as the mass flow hypothesis, is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sap through the phloem of plants. [1] [2] It was proposed in 1930 by Ernst Münch, a German plant physiologist. [3]