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  2. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    Address of a local computer: 192.168.1.100; If a packet is sent to 203.0.113.1 by a computer at 192.168.1.100, the packet would normally be routed to the default gateway (the router) [e] A router with the NAT loopback feature detects that 203.0.113.1 is the address of its WAN interface, and treats the packet as if coming from that interface. It ...

  3. Packet Tracer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_Tracer

    As of Packet Tracer 5.0, Packet Tracer supports a multi-user system that enables multiple users to connect multiple topologies together over a computer network. [6] Packet Tracer also allows instructors to create activities that students have to complete. [citation needed] Packet Tracer is often used in educational settings as a learning aid.

  4. Wildcard mask - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcard_mask

    A network and wildcard mask combination of 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 would match an interface configured exactly with 1.1.1.1 only, and nothing else. Wildcard masks are used in situations where subnet masks may not apply. For example, when two affected hosts fall in different subnets, the use of a wildcard mask will group them together.

  5. IP fragmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_fragmentation

    RFC 791 describes the procedure for IP fragmentation, and transmission and reassembly of IP packets. [1] RFC 815 describes a simplified reassembly algorithm. [2] The Identification field along with the foreign and local internet address and the protocol ID, and Fragment offset field along with Don't Fragment and More Fragments flags in the IP header are used for fragmentation and reassembly of ...

  6. Link-local address - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-local_address

    The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has reserved the IPv4 address block 169.254.0.0 / 16 (169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255) for link-local addressing. [1] The entire range may be used for this purpose, except for the first 256 and last 256 addresses (169.254.0.0 / 24 and 169.254.255.0 / 24), which are reserved for future use and must not be selected by a host using this dynamic ...

  7. Address Resolution Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol

    The message header is completed with the operation code for request (1) and reply (2). The payload of the packet consists of four addresses, the hardware and protocol address of the sender and receiver hosts. The principal packet structure of ARP packets is shown in the following table which illustrates the case of IPv4 networks running on ...

  8. Port Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Control_Protocol

    Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering.

  9. Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Label_Switching

    The packet is then passed on to the next hop router for this tunnel. From an OSI model perspective, the MPLS Header is added between the network layer header and link layer header. [17] When a labeled packet is received by an MPLS router, the topmost label is examined.