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Port-wine stains occur most often on the face but can appear anywhere on the body, particularly on the neck, upper trunk, arms and legs. [2] [4] Early stains are usually flat and pink in appearance. As the child matures, the color may deepen to a dark red or purplish color. [2]
Acanthosis nigricans is a medical sign characterised by brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. [1] It is usually found in body folds, [ 2 ] such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck , the armpits , groin , navel , forehead and other areas.
They result from a dilation of capillaries in the skin, [3] and may become darker when the child cries or strains. [4] The birthmarks, which are pinkish and irregularly shaped, occur most frequently on the nape of the neck; however, they are also common on the forehead, eyelids and upper lip. [2]
Congenital nevus. Note the variable coloration and slightly irregular border. The congenital melanocytic nevus appears as a circumscribed, light brown to black patch or plaque, potentially very heterogeneous in consistency, covering any size surface area and any part of the body.
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Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition—that is, one existing from birth—exclusively involving the skin.The blue colour is caused by melanocytes, melanin-containing cells, that are usually located in the surface of the skin (the epidermis), but are in the deeper region (the dermis) in the location of the spot. [6]
Sturge–Weber syndrome, sometimes referred to as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, intellectual disability, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (cerebral malformations and tumors).
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