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Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main-sequence stars.Their mass is approximately 13 to 80 times that of Jupiter (M J) [2] [3] —not big enough to sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen (1 H) into helium in their cores, but massive enough to emit some light and heat from the fusion of deuterium (2 H).
The first brown dwarf discovered orbiting a star was Gliese 229 B, also discovered in 1995. [3] The first brown dwarf found to have a planet was 2M1207, discovered in 2004. [4] As of 2015, more than 2,800 brown dwarfs have been identified. [5] An isolated object with less than about 13 Jupiter masses is technically a sub-brown dwarf or rogue ...
OTS 44 is a free-floating planetary-mass object or brown dwarf located at 530 light-years (160 pc) in the constellation Chamaeleon near the reflection nebula IC 2631. It is among the lowest-mass free-floating substellar objects, with approximately 11.5 times the mass of Jupiter, or approximately 1.1% that of the Sun.
In 1995, astronomers confirmed the discovery for the first time of a brown dwarf, a body too small to be a star and too big to be a planet - sort of a celestial tweener. Researchers now have taken ...
The two brown dwarfs examined by Webb formed about 500 million years ago. Each has a diameter comparable to Jupiter's. One is 35 times more massive than Jupiter, and the other 30 times.
J1407b is a substellar object, either a free-floating planet or brown dwarf, with a massive circumplanetary disk or ring system.It was first detected by automated telescopes in 2007 when its disk eclipsed the star V1400 Centauri, causing a series of dimming events for 56 days.
Kepler-39b is a Jupiter-like planet or brown dwarf that is eighteen times more massive than Jupiter and 1.22 times Jupiter's size. For a planet of its size, Kepler-39b has a relatively cool equilibrium temperature of 905 K (632 °C; 1,169 °F) with respect to other inflated planets, defying most of the common models explaining inflation at the time of its discovery (including convection and ...
Objects as low as 8–23 Jupiter masses have been called substellar companions. [11] Objects orbiting a star are often called planets below 13 Jupiter masses and brown dwarves above that. [12] Companions at that planet-brown dwarf borderline have been called Super-Jupiters, such as that around the star Kappa Andromedae. [13]