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Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, [1] is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) into iron by a reducing gas which contains elemental carbon (produced from natural gas or coal) and/or hydrogen. When hydrogen is used as the reducing gas no carbon dioxide is produced.
The HIsarna ironmaking process is a direct reduced iron process for iron making in which iron ore is processed almost directly into liquid iron ().The process combines two process units, the Cyclone Converter Furnace (CCF) for ore melting and pre-reduction and a Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) where the final reduction stage to liquid iron takes place.
In the iron and steel industry, direct reduction is a set of processes for obtaining iron from iron ore, by reducing iron oxides without melting the metal. The resulting product is pre-reduced iron ore. Historically, direct reduction was used to obtain a mix of iron and slag called a bloom in a bloomery.
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
Prior to usage, the iron ore is crushed to less than 6 mm in particle size. The iron ore is introduced into the furnace upstream and mixed with a small amount of fuel, typically hard coal. [21] After 6 to 8 hours, [22] it exits the furnace as pre-reduced iron ore at 1,000 °C. The amount of iron recovered ranges from 94% to 97.5% of the initial ...
PSD display on flowsheet for any materials in lines and objects Closed recycled water circuits using pond object with adjustable output Label Layers: Place labels on an unlimited number of layers that can be switched on or off 2.2.4 July 2017 UNDO function (CTRL Z) to restore any drawing actions on flowsheet ZOOM and scroll drawing area
P&IDs are originally drawn up at the design stage from a combination of process flow sheet data, the mechanical process equipment design, and the instrumentation engineering design. During the design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and operational ...
The best yield of iron achievable from dry puddling is one ton of iron from 1.3 tons of pig iron (a yield of 77%), but the yield from wet puddling was nearly 100%. The production of mild steel in the puddling furnace was achieved circa 1850 [ citation needed ] in Westphalia , Germany and was patented in Great Britain on behalf of Lohage, Bremme ...