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Samples may become contaminated by titanium if they have line-of-sight to the pump. Also, titanium is a very hard material, so titanium film which builds up on the inside of the chamber may form flakes which fall into mechanical components (typically turbomolecular pumps and valves) and damage them. Many chambers containing TSPs also have an ...
Ion pumps; Titanium sublimation pumps; Non-evaporable getter (NEG) pumps; Cryopumps; Diffusion pumps, especially when used with a cryogenic trap designed to minimize backstreaming of pump oil into the systems. Turbo pumps and diffusion pumps rely on supersonic attack upon system molecules by the blades and high speed vapor stream, respectively.
A sublimatory [1] [2] or sublimation apparatus is equipment, commonly laboratory glassware, for purification of compounds by selective sublimation. In principle, the operation resembles purification by distillation , except that the products do not pass through a liquid phase .
The processing of titanium metal occurs in four major steps: reduction of titanium ore into "sponge", a porous form; melting of sponge, or sponge plus a master alloy to form an ingot; primary fabrication, where an ingot is converted into general mill products such as billet, bar, plate, sheet, strip, and tube; and secondary fabrication of ...
[1] even though in Japan such cars are known as kei cars. Microcars have also been defined as being a "small car, popular in the 1950s, that featured a body offering full weather protection and mechanics often derived from motorcycle technology", [ 2 ] though in the 1950s, a trend towards egg-shaped cars with a relatively large ratio of windows ...
Salmson S4E Salmson S4C. Salmson is a French engineering company. Initially a pump manufacturer, it turned to automobile and aeroplane manufacturing in the 20th century, returning to pump manufacturing in the 1960s, and re-expanded to a number of products and services in the late 20th and into the 21st century. [1]
Gwynnes Limited was a City of London England engineering business, iron founders and pump makers founded in 1849 to capitalise on the centrifugal pump invented [note 1] by James Gwynne (1804–1850). [ note 2 ] In 1856 his eldest son, James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne (1832–1915), of Essex Street Wharves on the south side of The Strand was ...
Microcar is a term often used for the smallest size of cars, [1] with three or four wheels and often an engine smaller than 700 cc (43 cu in). Specific types of microcars include bubble cars, cycle cars, invacar, quadricycles and voiturettes. [2]