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  2. Backflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backflow

    Backflow occurs for one of two reasons, either back pressure or back siphonage. [1] Back pressure is the result of a higher pressure in the system than in its supply, i.e. the system pressure has been increased by some means. This may occur in unvented heating systems, where thermal expansion increases the pressure. Back siphonage is the result ...

  3. Sulfur dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide

    It turns moist litmus pink (being acidic), then white (due to its bleaching effect). It may be identified by bubbling it through a dichromate solution, turning the solution from orange to green (Cr 3+ (aq)). It can also reduce ferric ions to ferrous. [22] Sulfur dioxide can react with certain 1,3-dienes in a cheletropic reaction to form cyclic ...

  4. Oxygen saturation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_saturation

    Dissolved oxygen levels required by various species in the Chesapeake Bay (US). In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a ratio of the concentration of "dissolved oxygen" (DO, O 2), to the maximum amount of oxygen that will dissolve in that water body, at the temperature and pressure which constitute stable equilibrium conditions.

  5. Pressure drop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_drop

    Pressure drop (often abbreviated as "dP" or "ΔP") [1] is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network. A pressure drop occurs when frictional forces, caused by the resistance to flow, act on a fluid as it flows through a conduit (such as a channel, pipe, or tube).

  6. Splash (fluid mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splash_(fluid_mechanics)

    Slow motion video of a fruit falling into water. In fluid mechanics, a splash is a sudden disturbance to the otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid (usually water).The disturbance is typically caused by a solid object suddenly hitting the surface, although splashes can occur in which moving liquid supplies the energy.

  7. Flue-gas desulfurization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue-gas_desulfurization

    The higher the pressure drop in the venturi, the smaller the droplets and the higher the surface area. The penalty is in power consumption. For simultaneous removal of SO 2 and fly ash, venturi scrubbers can be used. In fact, many of the industrial sodium-based throwaway systems are venturi scrubbers originally designed to remove particulate ...

  8. Siphon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphon

    Should the pressure within the water supply system fall, the external water may be returned by back pressure into the drinking water system through the faucet. Another possible contamination point is the water intake in the toilet tank. An anti-siphon valve is also required here to prevent pressure drops in the water supply line from suctioning ...

  9. Hagen–Poiseuille equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen–Poiseuille_equation

    In both cases, laminar or turbulent, the pressure drop is related to the stress at the wall, which determines the so-called friction factor. The wall stress can be determined phenomenologically by the Darcy–Weisbach equation in the field of hydraulics , given a relationship for the friction factor in terms of the Reynolds number.