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Some linguists have analyzed demonstratives as consisting of two (sub-syllabic) morphemes. Following this, the initial đ-indicates a nominal, n-a noun modifier, b-proportion, v-~s-manner, and the vowels -ây~-ay proximal/medial, -âu~-ao indefinite, and -o medial/distal. [24] However, the form kia is analyzed as consisting of only one morpheme.
Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
The conquest of the ancient nation of Champa and the conquest of the Mekong Delta led to an expansion of the Vietnamese people and language, with distinctive local variations emerging. After France invaded Vietnam in the late 19th century, French gradually replaced Literary Chinese as the official language in education and government.
True pronouns are categorized into two classes depending on if they can be preceded by the plural marker chúng, bọn, or các.Like other Asian pronominal systems, Vietnamese pronouns indicate the social status between speakers and others in the conversation in addition to grammatical person and number.
The following is a handy reference for editors, listing various common spelling differences between national varieties of English. Please note: If you are not familiar with a spelling, please do some research before changing it – it may be your misunderstanding rather than a mistake, especially in the case of American and British English spelling differences.
Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
/ ˈ d eɪ v ɪ s / Sometimes regular Death: DEETH / d iː θ / See footnote a. in article for pronunciation. De'Ath: dee-AHT / d i ˈ ɑː t / DeLaughter: dih-LAW-tər / d ɪ ˈ l ɔː t ər / Delevingne: del-ə-VEEN / d ɛ l ə ˈ v iː n / French-origin family name, as in Cara Delevingne: De Ros: də-ROOZ / d ə ˈ r uː z / Devere(a)ux: DEV ...
Nowadays, the ligatures have been generally replaced by the digraphs ae and oe (encyclopaedia, diarrhoea) in British English or just e (encyclopedia, diarrhea) in American English, though both spell some words with only e (economy, ecology) and others with ae and oe (paean, amoeba, oedipal, Caesar).