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the first estate of prelates (bishops and abbots) the second estate of lairds (dukes, earls, parliamentary peers (after 1437) and lay tenants-in-chief) the third estate of burgh commissioners (representatives chosen by the royal burghs) The First Estate was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution and the accession of William III. [17]
The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media in their explicit capacity, beyond the reporting of news, of wielding influence in politics. [1] The derivation of the term arises from the traditional European concept of the three estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners.
The inclusion of a fourth estate, Bondeståndet, is a peculiarity of the Swedish realm, with few parallels in Europe. The English word peasant is however an inexact translation, as it did not include the entire peasantry, as it is usually defined in an English context.
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The Estates, also known as the States (French: États, German: Landstände, Dutch: Staten, Hungarian: Rendek), was the assembly of the representatives of the estates of the realm, the divisions of society in feudal times, called together for purposes of deliberation, legislation or taxation.
The "Fifth" Estate extends the sequence of the three classical Estates of the Realm, nobility, clergy, subjects and the preceding Fourth Estate, essentially the mainstream press. The use of "fifth estate" dates to the 1960s counterculture , and in particular the influential The Fifth Estate , an underground newspaper first published in Detroit ...
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The Second World War broke out while it was in production, and the explanation for The Fourth Estate having been buried most commonly given by historians of the Documentary Movement is that following the film's completion, the Ministry of Information were reluctant to sanction its release on the grounds that it depicted life in peacetime London ...