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The name "Confucius" is a Latinized form of the Mandarin Chinese Kǒng Fūzǐ (孔夫子, "Master Kong"), and was coined in the late 16th century by early Jesuit missionaries to China. [6] Confucius's family name was Kong ( 孔 , OC : * kʰˤoŋʔ ) and his given name was Qiu ( 丘 , OC : * [k]ʷʰə ).
The teaching of Confucius consist of five basic relationships in life: Ruler to subject; Parent to child; Husband to wife; Elder brother to younger brother; Friend to friend; In the above relationships, Confucius teaches that righteous, considerate, kind, benevolent, and gentle treatment should be applied by the former to the latter.
These names do not use the name "Confucius" at all, but instead focus on the ideal of the Confucian man. The use of the term "Confucianism" has been avoided by some modern scholars, who favor "Ruism" and "Ruists" instead. Robert Eno argues that the term has been "burdened ... with the ambiguities and irrelevant traditional associations". Ruism ...
Thus Confucius, whose name was Kong Qiu (孔丘), was given the courtesy name Zhongni (仲尼), where the first character zhong indicates that he was the second son born into his family. The characters commonly used are bo ( 伯 ) for the first, zhong ( 仲 ) for the second, shu ( 叔 ) for the third, and ji ( 季 ) typically for the youngest ...
Kongfu Jia was murdered, and his son escaped to the State of Lu where he adopted Kong as the name of his clan. [5] His family settled in Qufu and Confucius was one of his descendants. The Kong surname may also have originated from a number of other sources. Others had adopted Kong as their surname because it was part of their ancestors' name.
An invitation to come back to Qufu was extended to the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan dynasty Emperor Kublai Khan. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng.
According to Zhou Youguang, Confucianism's name in Chinese, 儒 rú, originally referred to shamanic methods of holding rites and existed before Confucius' times, but with Confucius it came to mean devotion to propagating such teachings to bring civilisation to the people. Confucianism was initiated by Confucius, developed by Mencius (~372 ...
This quotation exemplifies Confucius' idea of the junzi or gentleman. Originally this expression referred to "the son of a ruler", but Confucius redefined this concept to mean behaviour (in terms of ethics and values such as loyalty and righteousness) instead of mere social status. [6]