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A colonial surplus is a way of measuring the effects of the relationship between colony and metropolis. A colony , in the sense of a region being ruled by a foreign overseas power, was in a different position from that of an independent country.
In economics, an excess supply, economic surplus [1] market surplus or briefly supply is a situation in which the quantity of a good or service supplied is more than the quantity demanded, [2] and the price is above the equilibrium level determined by supply and demand. That is, the quantity of the product that producers wish to sell exceeds ...
However, Marx himself never argued that surplus labour was a sufficient condition for profits, only an ultimate necessary condition (Morishima aimed to prove that, starting from the existence of profit expressed in price terms, we can deduce the existence of surplus value as a logical consequence). [citation needed] Five reasons were that:
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus , or consumers' surplus , is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...
If a country exports a greater value than it imports, it has a trade surplus or positive trade balance, and conversely, if a country imports a greater value than it exports, it has a trade deficit or negative trade balance. As of 2016, about 60 out of 200 countries have a trade surplus. The notion that bilateral trade deficits are per se ...
All capitalist profit in Marxist–Leninist theory is based on exploitation (the business owners extract surplus value from the workers), but superprofit is achieved by taking exploitation above and beyond its normal level. In Marxism–Leninism, there are no profits that could result from an activity or transaction that did not involve ...
A variety of factors can lead to missing markets: A classic example of a missing market is the case of an externality like pollution, where decision makers are not responsible for some of the consequences of their actions.
A similar argument was made by Murray Rothbard, who argued that if the reserve army lower wages by being absorbed into the ranks of the employed, then eventually it will disappear and be incapable of being a threat (that also means that the risk of perpetual impoverishment is averted). Rothbard observes that this is supported by modern market ...