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Siege of Tabriz (1908–1909) took place during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, when which forces affiliated with Mohammad Ali Shah, besieged Tabriz for 11 months to suppress the constitutionalists and prevent food and medicine from reaching the city. [1]
Siege of Tabriz or capture of Tabriz may refer to: Siege of Tabriz (1501) Siege of Tabriz (1585) Siege of Tabriz (1585–1586) Safavid capture of Tabriz (1603) Capture of Tabriz (1635) Siege of Tabriz (1908–1909) Russian occupation of Tabriz (1909–1918) Tabriz during World War I, briefly captured by the Ottomans in 1915
The siege of Tabriz was a military conflict during the Ottoman–Safavid war of 1603–1612. As a result of a successful siege, Tabriz was returned to the Safavids after 18 years of Ottoman rule. [ 1 ]
The siege of Tabriz (Persian: محاصره تبریز) took place in 1501 just after the Safavids had defeated the Aq Qoyunlu in the Battle of Sharur. In the preceding battle the Safavids were able to defeat the Aq Qoyunlus that had an army which was 4 times bigger than the Safavid army. [ 1 ]
The Ottoman invasion, led by Murad IV, commenced from Erzurum on August 8. They quickly besieged the city of Iravan, but the siege was short-lived. Tahmasib-Kulu Khan, the commander of the fortress garrison, betrayed Isfahan palace and fled, leading to the Ottoman army redirecting their efforts southeastward towards Tabriz. [1] [2]
The Russian occupation of Tabriz lasted from 30 April 1909 until 28 February 1918, with a brief interruption during 6–31 January 1915. [1] The city of Tabriz was the second city of Qajar Persia at the time, the capital of the region of Azerbaijan , and the traditional residence of the Qajar Crown Prince.
During the one-year Siege of Tabriz, Russia had repeatedly expressed concern about the security of its consuls. In correspondence between Russian Foreign Minister Alexander Izvolsky and Persian Prime Minister Hossein-Qoli Nezam al-Saltaneh Mafi, the issue of the Russian military invasion of Tabriz and its conquest was repeatedly raised. [2]
1908 – Sardar Homayun Vali Qasem appointed as Tabriz first mayor. 1909 19 April: Howard Baskerville, the American teacher in Tabriz and a supporter of constitutionals, got killed in battle. 29 April: Russians Cossacks take city. [15] 29 April: Monarchists siege of the city failed with arrival of Russian forces.