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In this article, "China" refers to the modern territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (which controls Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan area). For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems.
Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) rulers are referred to solely by their era names, of which they only had one. [19] Apart from ethnic Han rulers, China was also ruled by various non-Han monarchs, including Jurchen, Khitan, Manchu, Mongol and Tangut and many others. [20]
Timeline of Chinese history. This is a timeline of Chinese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in China and its dynasties. To read about the background to these events, see History of China. See also the list of Chinese monarchs, Chinese emperors family tree, dynasties of China and years in China.
Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century Republic of China (since 1912) Main articles: 1911 Revolution , History of the Republic of China , Republic of China (1912–1949) , and Taiwan
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.
The late 20th century and early 21st century have seen numerous studies of Chinese history that challenge traditional paradigms. [38] The field is rapidly evolving, with much new scholarship, often based on the realization that there is much about Chinese history that is unknown or controversial.
Historical records like the Veritable Records (traditional Chinese: 實錄; simplified Chinese: 实录; pinyin: Shílù), which were compiled at the end of each reign, retrospectively referred to emperors by their temple names. Hong Taiji created the Qing ancestral cult in 1636 when he assumed the title of emperor. [42]
Chinese heads of government during the 20th century in China See also: Category:20th-century Chinese monarchs See also: Category:Premiers of the People's Republic of China