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Mass killings in 1965–66, ruled by the International Criminal Court to constitute a genocide that Indonesia was responsible for and the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia were complicit in, killed at least 400,000 and up to three million. The killings targeted alleged communists.
The Jakarta Flood Canal (Indonesian: Kanal Banjir Jakarta) refers to two canals that divert floods from rivers around Jakarta instead of going through the city. This first flood control channel was designed by Hendrik van Breen, an engineer working for the Dutch East Indian Department van Burgelijke Openbare Werken (BOW—lit.
The 2007 Jakarta flood was a major flood in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia and affected several other areas around the city, such as West Java and Banten. The flood, beginning on February 2, 2007 was a result of heavy rain, deforestation in areas south of the city, and waterways clogged with debris. [ 2 ]
Floods have hit Jakarta several times in the past, including in 1621, 1654, 1918, 1942, 1976, 1996, 2002, 2007, 2013 and 2015. A significant contributing factor is that a substantial part of Jakarta is low-lying; some 24,000 ha (240 km 2) of the main part of Jakarta are below sea level. [6]
The area of the Jakarta Special District is 662 km 2 of land area and 6,977 km 2 of sea area. [2]Jakarta lies in a low, flat basin, averaging 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level; [citation needed] 40% of Jakarta, particularly the northern areas, is below sea level, [3] while the southern parts are comparatively hilly.
The Jakarta–Bogor–Ciawi Toll Road (shortened to Jagorawi Toll Road) is the first toll road in Indonesia. Construction of the highway began in 1973, and it was officially opened on 9 March 1978. Construction of the highway began in 1973, and it was officially opened on 9 March 1978.
It was established in 2008 to replace the National Coordinating Board for Disaster Management (Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana or Bakornas PB). BNPB is directly responsible to the President of Indonesia and the chairman is directly appointed by the President. [2]
The full official Indonesian name is the Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (English: Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Center), often abbreviated to PVMBG. [1] It is based in Bandung in West Java. [2] It was preceded by the Netherlands East Indies Volcanological Survey. [3]