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Public health aims are achieved through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors, communities and environments. Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. [3] Many diseases are preventable through simple, nonmedical methods.
The 1978 World Health Organization (WHO) declaration at Alma-Ata was the first formal acknowledgment of the importance of intersectoral action for health. [5] The spirit of Alma-Ata was carried forward in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (adopted in Ottawa in 1986), which discussed "healthy public policies" as a key area for health promotion.
Population health has been defined as "the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group". [1] It is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire human population. It has been described as consisting of three components.
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
Health promotion involves public policy that addresses health determinants such as income, housing, food security, employment, and quality working conditions. [6] More recent work has used the term Health in All Policies (HiAP) to refer to the actions that incorporate health into all public policies.
Health education aims to immediately impact an individual's knowledge, behavior, or attitude about a health-related topic with the ultimate aim of improving quality of life or health status for an individual. [17] Health education utilizes several different intervention strategies in its practices to improve quality of life and health status.
The 10 Essential Public Health Services (EPHS) provide a framework for public health to protect and promote the health of all people in all communities. [3] In recognition of public health's commitment to provide a fair and just opportunity for everyone to achieve optimal health and well-being, the framework now contains an equity statement, centers equity in the graphic, and incorporates ...
Health For All is a goal of the World Health Organization (WHO), that has been popularized since the 1970s, which envisions securing the health and well being of people around the world. It is the basis for the World Health Organization's primary health care strategy to promote health , human dignity, and enhance quality of life.