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The mesosphere (/ ˈ m ɛ s ə s f ɪər, ˈ m ɛ z-, ˈ m iː s ə-,-z ə-/; [1] from Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos) 'middle' and -sphere) is the third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
Mesoamerica and its cultural areas. Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
The upper boundary is defined by the sharp increase in seismic wave velocities and density at a depth of 660 kilometers (410 mi). [8] At a depth of 660 km, ringwoodite (γ-(Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4) decomposes into Mg-Si perovskite and magnesiowüstite. [8] This reaction marks the boundary between the upper mantle and lower mantle. This measurement is ...
The "Defining markers" column lists the evidence in the rock used to define the boundary. (Ideally, these are applicable in rock sections worldwide.) Most of the boundaries rely on the fossil record (biologic), paleomagnetic data (magnetic), and/or climate data determined by carbon and oxygen isotopes.
Earth is the only known place that has ever been habitable for life. Earth's life developed in Earth's early bodies of water some hundred million years after Earth formed. Earth's life has been shaping and inhabiting many particular ecosystems on Earth and has eventually expanded globally forming an overarching biosphere. [243]
Google also has updated its maps. Apple did not reply to a request for comment on whether it would honor the change and had not swapped in the new name by 5 p.m. Monday.
As for life on land, in 2019 scientists reported the discovery of a fossilized fungus, named Ourasphaira giraldae, in the Canadian Arctic, that may have grown on land a billion years ago, well before plants are thought to have been living on land. [100] [101] [102] The earliest life on land may have been bacteria 3.22 billion years ago. [103]
Galapagos triple junction – Place where the boundaries of the Cocos plate, the Nazca plate, and the Pacific plate meet Iapetus Suture – Ancient geological fault Kamchatka-Aleutian triple junction – Place where the Pacific plate, the Okhotsk plate, and the North American plate meet Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets