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In the pakicetid mandible, the mandibular foramen is small and comparable in size to those of extant land mammals and the acoustic mandibular fat pad characteristic of later whales was obviously not present. The lateral wall of the mandible is also relatively thick in pakicetids, further preventing sound transmission through the jaw.
Pakicetus (meaning 'whale from Pakistan') is an extinct genus of amphibious cetacean of the family Pakicetidae, which was endemic to Indian Subcontinent during the Ypresian (early Eocene) period, about 50 million years ago. [2]
Nalacetus is an extinct pakicetid early whale, fossils of which have been found in Lutetian red beds in Punjab, Pakistan (, paleocoordinates 1] [2] Nalacetus lived in a fresh water environment, was amphibious, and carnivorous.
Gerardus arie (Hans) Thewissen is a Dutch-American paleontologister known for his significant contributions to the field of whale evolution.Thewissen's fieldwork has led to the discovery of key fossils that have shed light on the transition of whales from land to water, including the discovery of Ambulocetus, Pakicetus, Indohyus, and Kutchicetus.
Pakicetus, a pakicetid (drawing showing preserved fossil remains). First identified as cetaceans by West 1980, the pakicetids, the most archaic of whales, had long, slender legs and a long, narrow tail, and could reach the size of a modern wolf. They have only been found in sediments from freshwater streams in northwestern India and northern ...
The family Balaenidae, the right whales, contains two genera and four species. All right whales have no ventral grooves; a distinctive head shape with a strongly arched, narrow rostrum, bowed lower jaw; lower lips that enfold the sides and front of the rostrum; and long, narrow, elastic baleen plates (up to nine times longer than wide) with fine baleen fringes.
The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, the even-toed ungulates. The earliest cetaceans were still hoofed mammals. These early cetaceans became gradually better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, finally evolving into fully marine cetaceans.
A pakicetid cetacean: Pakicetus: P. attocki [6] H-GSP Loc. 62, Ganda Kas Complete cranial remains. A pakicetid cetacean: P. calcis [3] H-GSP Loc. 9607 Shepherd's Lake H-GSP Loc. 9607, Valley E A partial mandible, palate fragment and teeth A pakicetid cetacean: P. chittas [3] Chorlakki H-GSP Loc. 9607, Shepherd's Lake Fragments of mandibles A ...