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Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] In the Americas, diarrheal disease accounts for a total of 10% of deaths among children aged 1–59 months while in South East Asia, it accounts for 31.3% of deaths. [ 66 ]
Therapy can include the use of zinc supplements to reduce the duration of diarrhea in infants and children under the age of 5. [1] Use of oral rehydration therapy has been estimated to decrease the risk of death from diarrhea by up to 93%. [2] Side effects may include vomiting, high blood sodium, or high blood potassium. [1]
Children infected with rotavirus usually make a full recovery within three to eight days. [20] However, in poor countries treatment for severe infections is often out of reach and persistent diarrhea is common. [21] Dehydration is a common complication of diarrhea. [22]
In 2013, about 2,000 children under the age of five died every day from diarrhea. [65] Young children are particularly vulnerable to ingesting feces of other people that are lying around after open defecation, because young children crawl on the ground, walk barefoot, and put things in their mouths without washing their hands. Feces of farm ...
Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. [1] Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. [2] Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected. [3]
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Worldwide, studies estimate that diarrheal illness affects 3 to 20% of children under the age of 5 with an incidence of 2.7 episodes of diarrhea per child-year. [52] [53] Developing nations experience higher burden of disease and mortality from chronic diarrhea in children compared to developed nations. [49]
First, the excessive bacterial concentrations can cause direct inflammation of the small bowel cells, leading to an inflammatory diarrhea. The malabsorption of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates may cause poorly digestible products to enter into the colon. This can cause an osmotic diarrhea or stimulate the colonic cells to cause a secretory ...