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After the war ended, the global economy began to decline. In the United States, 1918–1919 saw a modest economic retreat, but the second part of 1919 saw a mild recovery. A more severe recession hit the United States in 1920 and 1921, when the global economy fell very sharply.
The British and French colonial empires reached their peaks after World War I. In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, funding the war had a severe economic cost. From being the world's largest overseas investor, it became one of its biggest debtors with interest payments forming around 40% of all government spending.
The gross domestic product of India was estimated at 24.4% of the world's economy in 1500, 22.4% in 1600, 16% in 1820, and 12.1% in 1870. India's share of global GDP declined to less than 2% of global GDP by the time of its independence in 1947, and only rose gradually after the liberalization of its economy beginning in the 1990s.
The upheaval associated with the transition from a wartime to peacetime economy contributed to a depression in 1920 and 1921. The Depression of 1920–1921 was a sharp deflationary recession in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries, beginning 14 months after the end of World War I. It lasted from January 1920 to July 1921. [1]
The entire world economy, led by the United States, had fallen into a downward spiral that got worse and worse, and in 1931–32 began plunging downward even faster. Hoover had Congress set up a new relief agency, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation , in 1932, but it proved too little too late.
Estimated to have lost ¼ of its wealth during World War 1, Britain turned to welfare to spark an economic recovery. Reliant on receiving payments of war debts from Germany to stimulate economic growth after the onset of the great depression, the British economy suffered when the United States nullified these reparation payments.
The World Between the Wars, 1919–39: An Economist's View (1974) Drinot, Paulo, and Alan Knight, eds. The Great Depression in Latin America (2014) excerpt; Eichengreen, Barry. Golden Fetters: The gold standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. 1992. Feinstein. Charles H. The European Economy between the Wars (1997) Garraty, John A.
First World War: 1914–1918 (1981) the standard world economic history of the war; Horn, Martin. Britain, France, and the Financing of the First World War (2002) Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (1987) pp 256–74; Mendershausen, Horst. The Economics of War (1940) online