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Childhood arthritis (juvenile arthritis or pediatric rheumatic disease) is an umbrella term used to describe any rheumatic disease or chronic arthritis-related condition which affects individuals under the age of 16. There are several subtypes that differentiate themselves via prognosis, complications, and treatments.
Heart complications may be long-term and severe, particularly if valves are involved. In countries in Southeast-Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania, the percentage of people with rheumatic heart disease detected by listening to the heart was 2.9 per 1000 children and by echocardiography it was 12.9 per 1000 children.
Juvenile, in this context, refers to disease onset before 16 years of age, while idiopathic refers to a condition with no defined cause, and arthritis is inflammation within the joint. [4] JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation.
Studies show that 40% of children with SJIA have a monocyclic disease history, recovering after varying periods. A small percentage experience a polycyclic course, with over half having a prolonged disease course. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic illness in children, affecting 1 to 4 out of every 1000. SJIA ...
Rheumatism [2] / ˈ r uː m ə t ɪ z əm / or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. [3] Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism".
There are two total reports of heart disease worsening after recurrence of chorea. The Thailand study also had 2 cases where carditis, which had improved after initial diagnosis, came back again. Some suggest that recurrent chorea is a different disease altogether. [29] 10% reported long-term tremor in one study (10 years follow up).
Acutely, it can cause pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade and death. After healing, there may be fibrosis and adhesion of the pericardium with the heart leading to constriction of the heart and reduced cardiac function. Myocarditis: Here the muscle bulk of the heart gets inflamed. Inflamed muscles have reduced functional capacity.
Chronic diseases in children may have a genetic (hereditary) cause, an environmental (acquired) cause or a combination of both. Early identification and treatment of the disease is key to successful health outcomes. Chronic diseases can affect multiple organ systems and can, therefore, manifest in different ways.