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While the disease is caused by a permanent intolerance to gluten proteins, [10] it is distinct from wheat allergy, which is much more rare. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] The only known effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet , which leads to recovery of the intestinal lining ( mucous membrane ), improves symptoms, and reduces the risk of ...
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or gluten sensitivity [14] is a controversial disorder which can cause both gastrointestinal and other problems. NCGS is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. [3] [4] The definition and diagnostic criteria of non-celiac gluten sensitivity were debated and established by three consensus ...
Wheat allergy has a fast onset (from minutes to hours) after the consumption of food containing wheat and could be anaphylaxis. [25] [54] The management of wheat allergy consists of complete withdrawal of any food containing wheat and other gluten-containing cereals. [8] [54] Nevertheless, some people with wheat allergy can tolerate barley, rye ...
Gastrointestinal symptoms of wheat allergy are similar to those of coeliac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, but there is a different interval between exposure to wheat and onset of symptoms. Wheat allergy has a fast onset (from minutes to hours) after the consumption of food containing wheat and could be anaphylaxis. [15] [45]
The diagnosis of underlying gluten sensitivity is complicated and delayed when there are no digestive symptoms. People who do experience gastrointestinal problems are more likely to receive a correct diagnosis and treatment. A strict gluten-free diet is the first-line treatment, which should be started as soon as possible. It is effective in ...
This condition is known as refractory coeliac disease (RCD), defined as malabsorption due to gluten-related enteropathy (villous atrophy or elevated intraepitheal lymphocytes) after initial or subsequent failure of a strict gluten-free diet (usually 1 year) and after exclusion of any disorder mimicking coeliac disease. [106] [107]
"Food hypersensitivity" is an umbrella term which includes food allergy and food intolerance. [11] [12] [13]Food allergy is defined as an immunological hypersensitivity which occurs most commonly to food proteins such as egg, milk, seafood, shellfish, tree nuts, soya, wheat and peanuts.
Gluten, a mixture of proteins found in wheat and related grains including barley, rye, oat, and all their species and hybrids (such as spelt, kamut, and triticale), [42] causes health problems for those with gluten-related disorders, including celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis, and wheat ...