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Caddo is a Native American language, the traditional language of the Caddo Nation. [3] It is critically endangered, with no exclusively Caddo-speaking community and as of 2023 only two speakers who had acquired the language as children outside school instruction, down from 25 speakers in 1997. [1] [2] Caddo has several mutually intelligible ...
All of the remaining Caddoan languages spoken today are severely endangered. As of 2007, both the Pawnee and Arikara languages only had 10 speakers, with the Caddo language only spoken by 2 (as of 2023). [1] Caddo and Pawnee are spoken in Oklahoma by small numbers of tribal elders. Arikara is spoken on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota.
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.They speak the Caddo language.. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. [2]
Native American placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. OCLC 53019644. Google URL (pages to 150); Internet Archive URL (requires free registration and Borrow action) Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the name comes from the French transliteration of the Caddo word washita, meaning "good hunting grounds". [7] Louis R. Harlan claimed that "Ouachita" is composed of the Choctaw words ouac for buffalo and chito for large, together meaning "country of large buffaloes".
The Random House Dictionary of the English Language [RHD], 2nd ed. (unabridged). New York: Random House. Siebert, Frank T. (1975). "Resurrecting Virginia Algonquian from the Dead: The Reconstituted and Historical Phonology of Powhatan". In Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages, ed. James M. Crawford, pp. 285–453. Athens: University of ...
The Natchitoches (/ ˈ n æ k ə t ɪ ʃ / NAK-ə-tish; Caddo: Náshit'ush) [2] are a Native American tribe from northwestern Louisiana [1] and Texas.They organized themselves in one of the three Caddo-speaking confederacies along with the Hasinai (between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas), and Kadohadacho (at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana).
Wichita is a Caddoan language spoken in Anadarko, Oklahoma by the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes.The last fluent heritage speaker, Doris Lamar-McLemore, died in 2016, [2] although in 2007 there were three first-language speakers alive. [3]