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Leg skeleton of the modern elephant. The hind limb and foot of the elephant are oriented semi-plantigrade, and closely resemble the structure and function of the human foot. The tarsals and metapodials are arranged so as to form an arch, similarly to the human foot. The six toes of each foot of the elephant are enclosed in a flexible sheath of ...
Interdigital glands are present on all four feet, and are slightly larger on the front feet. [27] Male okapis have short, hair-covered horn-like structures called ossicones , less than 15 cm (5.9 in) in length, which are similar in form and function to the ossicones of a giraffe . [ 28 ]
Male Western moose stand anywhere from 1.9 to 2.0 metres (6.2 to 6.6 ft) at the shoulder. Their antlers span 1.5 to 1.7 metres (4.9 to 5.6 ft) and they weigh anywhere from 380–720 kilograms (840–1,590 lb). Female Western moose stand at 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) on average, and weigh anywhere from 270 to 360 kilograms (600 to 790 lb).
The heaviest land mammal is the African bush elephant, which has a weight of up to 10.1 t (11.1 short tons).It measures 10–13 ft at the shoulder and consumes around 230 kg (500 lb) of vegetation a day.
The largest living cervid is the moose (Alces alces), particularly the Alaskan subspecies (A. a. gigas), verified at up to 820 kg (1,810 lb), a total length of 3.5 m (11 ft) and a shoulder height of 2.4 m (7.9 ft). [26] The largest deer of all time was the broad-fronted moose (Cervalces latifrons).
The largest known land-dwelling artiodactyl was Hippopotamus gorgops with a length of 4.3 m (14 ft), a height of 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in), and a weight of 5 t (11,000 lb), [63] with its closely related European descendant, Hippopotamus antiquus, rivaling it, estimated to be 14.1 ft (4.3 m) in length and 7,700–9,300 lb (3,500–4,200 kg) in weight.
The largest Alaska moose was shot in western Yukon in September 1897; it weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb), and was 2.33 m (7.6 ft) tall at the shoulder. [7] While the Alaska moose and the Asian Chukotka moose match the extinct Irish elk in size, they are smaller than Cervalces latifrons, the largest deer of all time. [8]
It was measured as 13 ft 8 in (4.17 m), from the top of the shoulder to the outstretched foot whilst laying on its side. When laying on their side, the elephant's weight causes the body to spread out, artificially lengthening the shoulder height measurement; the actual standing shoulder height would have been slightly lower.