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The path of the Sun over the celestial sphere through the course of the day for an observer at 56°N latitude. The Sun's path changes with its declination during the year. The intersections of the curves with the horizontal axis show azimuths in degrees from North where the Sun rises and sets.
It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] At solar noon , the zenith angle is at a minimum and is equal to latitude minus solar declination angle.
Heliographic coordinate systems are used to identify locations on the Sun's surface. The two most commonly used systems are the Stonyhurst and Carrington systems. They both define latitude as the angular distance from the solar equator, but differ in how they define longitude. In Stonyhurst coordinates, the longitude is fixed for an observer on ...
On 21 June, the maximum altitude of the sun is 73.44 degrees, while it is 26.56 degrees on 21 December. [citation needed] The maximum altitude of the Sun is > 35.00º in October and > 28.00º in November. The 40th parallel north is the southern baseline for Canada's National Topographic System.
At this latitude midnight sun lasts from about May 16th to July 27th, and civil polar twilight from November 25th to January 16th. At noon on the summer and winter solstices, the altitude of the sun is 43.45° and -3.04° respectively. At midnight on the summer solstice, the altitude of the sun is 3.64°.
The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth (horizontal angle with respect to north) of the Sun's position. [1] [2] [3] This horizontal coordinate defines the Sun's relative direction along the local horizon, whereas the solar zenith angle (or its complementary angle solar elevation) defines the Sun's apparent altitude.
For example, the solar elevation angle is: 90° at the subsolar point, which occurs, for example, at the equator on a day of equinox at solar noon; near 0° at the sunset or at the sunrise; between −90° and 0° during the night (midnight) An exact calculation is given in position of the Sun. Other approximations exist elsewhere. [6]
At this latitude midnight sun lasts from April 27th to August 14th, and polar night from November 5th to February 5th, with the nautical polar twilight stage lasting from November 26th to January 16th. At noon on the summer and winter solstices, the altitude of the sun is 38.46° and -8.44