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Therefore, the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide. Example: sodium chloride, potassium oxide, or calcium carbonate.
Element Negative states Positive states Group Notes −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 Z; 1 hydrogen: H −1 +1: 1 2 helium: He 0 18
For example, chlorine(V) has two valence electrons so it can accommodate three electron pairs from bonds with oxide ions. The charge on the ion is +5 − 3 × 2 = −1, and so the formula is ClO − 3. The structure of the ion is predicted by VSEPR theory to be pyramidal
Although most metal oxides are crystalline solids, many non-metal oxides are molecules. Examples of molecular oxides are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. All simple oxides of nitrogen are molecular, e.g., NO, N 2 O, NO 2 and N 2 O 4. Phosphorus pentoxide is a more complex molecular oxide with a deceptive name, the real formula being P 4 O 10.
Nonmetals have relatively high values of electronegativity, and their oxides are usually acidic. Exceptions may occur if a nonmetal is not very electronegative, or if its oxidation state is low, or both. These non-acidic oxides of nonmetals may be amphoteric (like water, H 2 O [63]) or neutral (like nitrous oxide, N 2 O [64] [h]), but never basic.
The name of the cation (the unmodified element name for monatomic cations) comes first, followed by the name of the anion. [100] [101] For example, MgCl 2 is named magnesium chloride, and Na 2 SO 4 is named sodium sulfate (SO 2− 4, sulfate, is an example of a polyatomic ion).
In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.
Corundum is the name for a structure prototype in inorganic solids, derived from the namesake polymorph of aluminum oxide (α-Al 2 O 3). [1] Other compounds, especially among the inorganic solids, exist in corundum structure, either in ambient or other conditions.