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The nuclear magnetic moment of neutrons and protons is partly predicted by this simple version of the shell model. The magnetic moment is calculated through j, ℓ and s of the "last" nucleon, but nuclei are not in states of well-defined ℓ and s. Furthermore, for odd-odd nuclei, one has to consider the two "last" nucleons, as in deuterium.
The magnetic moment of the proton was discovered in 1933 by Otto Stern, Otto Robert Frisch and Immanuel Estermann at the University of Hamburg. [15] [16] [17] The proton's magnetic moment was determined by measuring the deflection of a beam of molecular hydrogen by a magnetic field. [18] Stern won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1943 for this ...
According to the shell model, protons or neutrons tend to form pairs of opposite total angular momentum.Therefore, the magnetic moment of a nucleus with even numbers of each protons and neutrons is zero, while that of a nucleus with an odd number of protons and even number of neutrons (or vice versa) will have to be that of the remaining unpaired nucleon.
In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]
Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and approximately 1836 times the mass of an electron (the proton-to-electron mass ratio). Protons and neutrons, each with a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit, are jointly referred to as nucleons (particles present in atomic nuclei). One or more protons are present in the nucleus of ...
A nucleus with full shells is exceptionally stable, as will be explained. As with electrons in the electron shell model, protons in the outermost shell are relatively loosely bound to the nucleus if there are only few protons in that shell, because they are farthest from the center of the nucleus. Therefore, nuclei which have a full outer ...
While the magnetic moments (the black arrows) are oriented the same for both cases of γ, the precession is in opposite directions. Spin and magnetic moment are in the same direction for γ > 0 (as for protons). Protons, neutrons, and many nuclei carry nuclear spin, which gives rise to a gyromagnetic ratio as above. The ratio is conventionally ...
An electron with spin angular momentum, s, has a magnetic moment, μ s, given by: =, where g s is the electron spin g-factor and the negative sign is because the electron is negatively charged (consider that negatively and positively charged particles with identical mass, travelling on equivalent paths, would have the same angular momentum, but ...