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Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]
Problem-posing education is the path to critical consciousness. Freire's work has its roots in the constructivist theory of learning, and specifically the work of Jean Piaget and John Dewey . [ citation needed ] The constructivist theory holds that knowledge is constructed by individuals by using their experiences, which is what Freire drew ...
Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social movement that developed and applied concepts from critical theory and related traditions to the field of education and the study of culture. [ 1 ]
One of the distinguishing characteristics of critical theory, as Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer elaborated in their Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), is an ambivalence about the ultimate source or foundation of social domination, an ambivalence that gave rise to the "pessimism" of the new critical theory about the possibility of human ...
Prominent suggestions include that education should foster knowledge, curiosity, creativity, rationality, and critical thinking while also promoting the tendency to think, feel, and act morally. [ 8 ] [ 5 ] [ 7 ] The individual should thereby develop as a person, and achieve self-actualization by realizing their potential .
The humanist emphasis on critical thinking, moral education, and the study of classical texts has continued to influence educational theory and practice up to the present day. The Renaissance humanists' reimagining of classical education ensured that the wisdom of the ancient world remained a vital part of Western intellectual life, shaping the ...
Secular perennialists espouse the idea that education should focus on the historical development of a continually advancing common orienting base of human knowledge and art, the timeless value of classic thought on central human issues by landmark thinkers, and revolutionary ideas critical to historical paradigm shifts or changes in world view.
Critical theory – Critical theory is the examination and critique of society and culture, drawing from knowledge across the social sciences and humanities. Frankfurt School – The term "Frankfurt School" is an informal term used to designate the thinkers affiliated with the Institute for Social Research or who were influenced by it.