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A debated etymology of the word "shaman" is "one who knows", [10] [103] implying, among other things, that the shaman is an expert in keeping together the multiple codes of the society, and that to be effective, shamans must maintain a comprehensive view in their mind which gives them certainty of knowledge. [9]
Vernacular name Species Phytochemical(s) Substance effect class Regions/Cultures of use Bullet ant venom : Paraponera clavata: Secretion: Poneratoxin Deliriant: The Satere-Mawe people use bullet ants to get extremely painful stings in their initiation rites twenty times.
Black shamanism (Mongolian: Хар бөө) is a kind of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia.It is specifically opposed to yellow shamanism, which incorporates rituals and traditions from Buddhism.
A Greek dryad depicted in a painting. In religion, a nature deity is a deity in charge of forces of nature, such as water, biological processes, or weather.These deities can also govern natural features such as mountains, trees, or volcanoes.
This language is commonly sung by the shaman in the form of a chant, called an Icaro, during the Ayahuasca ritual as a way to establish a "balance of energy" during the ritual to help protect and guide the user during their experience.
In addition, shamans know: auxiliaries (zoomorphic and protective spirits), udxa (the shaman's protective spirits seen collectively as a shamanic lineage or ancestry), troublemakers (ongon), wandering souls of the recently dead, mythical founders and legendary ancestors (such as Buxa Nojon, Dajan Deerx), local master-spirits (of the forest or a ...
The shaman operates primarily within the spiritual world, which in turn affects the human world. The restoration of balance results in the elimination of the ailment. [123] Abram, however, articulates a less supernatural and much more ecological understanding of the shaman's role than that propounded by Eliade.
Native American religions were prevalent in the pre-Columbian era, including state religions.Common concept is the supernatural world of deities, spirits and wonders, such as the Algonquian manitou or the Lakotaʼs wakan, [19] [20] [9] as well as Great Spirit, [21] Fifth World, world tree, and the red road among many Indians.