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The forewings have the submedial vein (vein 1) unbranched and in one subfamily forked near the base; the medial vein has three branches, veins 2, 3, and 4; veins 5 and 6 arise from the points of junction of the discocellulars; the subcostal vein and its continuation beyond the apex of cell, vein 7, has never more than four branches, veins 8 ...
Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-08. Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001) Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008) Su, C., Shi, Q., Sun, X. et al. Dated phylogeny and dispersal history of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
Of the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, only the Morphinae and Satyrinae are possibly paraphyletic, but these two subfamilies form a strongly supported clade with the Charaxinae as sister group. [ 3 ] See also: Prehistoric Lepidoptera § Superfamily Papilionoidea
Agrias is a genus of Neotropical charaxine nymphalid butterflies found in South and Central America.. The German lepidopterist Hans Fruhstorfer wrote: "In this magnificent tropical genus, upon which nature seems to have showered all her abundance of most brilliant colours, and which is, therefore, justly called the 'princely race' of the Nymphalidae, we are most surprised to meet a repetition ...
Butterflies of the first generation, reared in captivity in the Emei mountain study, completed their life cycle in 45 to 54 days, with eggs taking 4 to 6 days, caterpillars 21 to 36 days and pupation 10 to 15 days. The breeding took place in temperatures between 26.4 and 28.2 °C (79.5 and 82.8 °F) and humidity of 63.2% to 84.7% on average. [13]
Danainae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae, the brush-footed butterflies. It includes the Daniadae, or milkweed butterflies, who lay their eggs on various milkweeds on which their larvae ( caterpillars ) feed, as well as the clearwing butterflies ( Ithomiini ), and the tellervini .
Apaturinae consists of 20 genera and shows separate distributions and uncommon host–plant associations. Most genera of this subfamily are found throughout South-East Asia and Africa, whereas the genera Doxocopa and Asterocampa are spread mainly in South America and North America.
Source: "The higher classification of Nymphalidae". Nymphalidae.net. Archived February 20, 2009. Note: A species list with proposed new tribes for subfamily Ithomiinae is available from Keith Willmott at . Note: Names preceded by an equal sign (=) are synonyms, homonyms, rejected names or invalid names. Tribe Ithomiini Godman & Salvin, 1879