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In geometry, a square pyramid is a pyramid with a square base and four triangles, having a total of five faces. If the apex of the pyramid is directly above the center of the square, it is a right square pyramid with four isosceles triangles; otherwise, it is an oblique square pyramid.
The volume of a pyramid is the one-third product of the base's area and the height. The pyramid height is defined as the length of the line segment between the apex and its orthogonal projection on the base. Given that is the base's area and is the height of a pyramid, the volume of a pyramid is: [29] =.
Solid angles can also be measured in square degrees (1 sr = (180/ π) 2 square degrees), in square arc-minutes and square arc-seconds, or in fractions of the sphere (1 sr = 1 / 4 π fractional area), also known as spat (1 sp = 4 π sr). In spherical coordinates there is a formula for the differential,
The Egyptians knew the correct formula for the volume of such a truncated square pyramid, but no proof of this equation is given in the Moscow papyrus. The volume of a conical or pyramidal frustum is the volume of the solid before slicing its "apex" off, minus the volume of this "apex":
The volume of a tetrahedron can be obtained in many ways. It can be given by using the formula of the pyramid's volume: =. where is the base' area and is the height from the base to the apex. This applies for each of the four choices of the base, so the distances from the apices to the opposite faces are inversely proportional to the areas of ...
Area#Area formulas – Size of a two-dimensional surface; Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities
A square pyramid and the associated abstract polytope. Here, the elements of a square pyramid can be defined as the partially ordered set. One modern approach is based on the theory of abstract polyhedra. These can be defined as partially ordered sets whose elements are the vertices, edges, and faces of a polyhedron. A vertex or edge element is ...
The surface area of a gyroelongated square bipyramid is 16 times the area of an equilateral triangle, that is: [4], and the volume of a gyroelongated square bipyramid is obtained by slicing it into two equilateral square pyramids and one square antiprism, and then adding their volume: [4] + +.