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Cornelissen, Christoph, and Arndt Weinrich, eds. Writing the Great War – The Historiography of World War I from 1918 to the Present (2020) free download; full coverage for major countries. Evans, R. J. W. "The Greatest Catastrophe the World Has Seen" The New York Review of Books Feb 6, 2014 online; Ferguson, Niall.
They each lasted most of the year, achieved minimal gains, and drained away the best soldiers of both sides. Verdun became the iconic symbol of the murderous power of modern defensive weapons, with 280,000 German casualties, and 315,000 French. At the Somme, there were over 400,000 German casualties, against over 600,000 Allied casualties.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
The revolution's end date is generally set at 11 August 1919, the day the Weimar Constitution was adopted; however, the revolution remained in many ways incomplete. A large number of its opponents had been left in positions of power, and it failed to resolve the fracture in the Left between moderate socialists and communists.
Liberia declares war on Germany. August 6–20 Balkan: Battle of Mărăşeşti. August 8–22 Balkan: Third Battle of Oituz. August 14 Politics: China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. [73] [24] August 15–25 Western: Battle of Hill 70 (Continuation of British operations near Lens). August 16–18 Western
The Soviet zone of Germany in the east, including the Soviet sector of Berlin, became the communist German Democratic Republic ("East Germany") on 7 October of the same year. [1] on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate (which was separated from Germany on 17 December 1947) became a part the Federal Republic of Germany, [5] as provided by its ...
Free access to German waters for Allied ships and for those of the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark and Sweden. [32] The naval blockade of Germany to continue. [32] Immediate evacuation of all Black Sea ports and handover of all captured Russian vessels. [32] D. General
The end of World War I became official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. [91] It was the largest war ever fought until World War II 21 years later, with 40 million recorded military and civilian casualties including 9 to 15 million combat deaths.