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Amyloid beta (Aβ, Abeta or beta-amyloid) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. [2] The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield Aβ in a cholesterol ...
Amyloid is formed through the polymerization of hundreds to thousands of monomeric peptides or proteins into long fibers. Amyloid formation involves a lag phase (also called nucleation phase), an exponential phase (also called growth phase) and a plateau phase (also called saturation phase), as shown in the figure.
p3 peptide also known as amyloid β- peptide (Aβ) 17–40/42 is the peptide resulting from the α-and γ-secretase cleavage from the amyloid precursor protein ().It is known to be the major constituent of diffuse plaques observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and pre-amyloid plaques in people affected by Down syndrome.
This slow process, referred to as consolidation, allows emotions to influence the way the memory is stored. [7] The amygdala is involved in memory consolidation, which is the process of transferring information that is currently in working memory into ones long-term memory. This process is also known as memory modulation. [7]
The normal function of Aβ is not certain, but plaques arise when the protein misfolds and begins to accumulate in the brain by a process of molecular templating ('seeding'). [36] Mathias Jucker and Lary Walker have likened this process to the formation and spread of prions in diseases known as spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases.
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Amyloid beta is a short peptide that is an abnormal proteolytic byproduct of the transmembrane protein amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), whose function is unclear but thought to be involved in neuronal development. [2] The presenilins are components of proteolytic complex involved in APP processing and degradation. [3] [4]
APP is an integral membrane protein whose proteolysis generates beta amyloid ranging from 39- to 42- amino acid peptide. Although the biological function of APP are not known, it has been hypothesized that APP may play a role during neuroregeneration, and regulation of neural activity, connectivity, plasticity, and memory.