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The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.
PPV is best understood by comparison to two other approaches where a penalty is applied for risk: The risk-adjusted rate of return applies a risk-penalty by increasing the discount rate when calculating the Net Present Value (NPV); The certainty equivalent approach does this by adjusting the cash-flow numerators of the NPV formula.
A positive net present value indicates that the projected earnings generated by a project or investment (in present dollars) exceeds the anticipated costs (also in present dollars). This concept is the basis for the Net Present Value Rule, which dictates that the only investments that should be made are those with positive NPVs.
As an example, if you’re considering a project that requires an initial investment of $100,000 and is expected to generate future cash flows with a present value of $120,000, the PI would be 1.2 ...
In a classification task, the precision for a class is the number of true positives (i.e. the number of items correctly labelled as belonging to the positive class) divided by the total number of elements labelled as belonging to the positive class (i.e. the sum of true positives and false positives, which are items incorrectly labelled as belonging to the class).
This formula can be calculated algebraically by combining the steps in the preceding description. In fact, post-test probability , as estimated from the likelihood ratio and pre-test probability , is generally more accurate than if estimated from the positive predictive value of the test, if the tested individual has a different pre-test ...
The top of the College Football Playoff rankings should stay the same. But there will be change in the top 10. Our prediction for how it shakes out.
Adjusted present value (APV) is a valuation method introduced in 1974 by Stewart Myers. [1] The idea is to value the project as if it were all equity financed ("unleveraged"), and to then add the present value of the tax shield of debt – and other side effects. [2] Technically, an APV valuation model looks similar to a standard DCF model.