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Any antiretroviral drug: Black tar heroin: Whoonga, Nyaope [8] Widespread use in South Africa. Whoonga is classically reputed to be a combination of heroin with antiretroviral drugs such as ritonavir and/or efavirenz, often combined with additional drugs such as cannabis or hashish, methamphetamine and/or methaqualone: Any deliriant or diphen ...
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. [8] It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and, perhaps more-especially, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), [9] but is also used to treat anxiety disorders [10] such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress ...
[citation needed] Caffeine, with a stimulating effect, is a drug that wards off drowsiness and restores alertness. It also enhances the analgesic potency of paracetamol, although a Cochrane review concluded that a dose of 100 mg is needed for an effect – double the amount contained in Saridon. [5]
Caffeine is considered one of the most widely consumed drugs around the world. Around 80% of the world population consumes caffeine in one form or another. [ 2 ] It is found in coffee , tea , caffeinated alcoholic drinks , cocoa , chocolate , soft drinks , especially cola , and is an important component of energy drinks and other dietary ...
The combination was first introduced as the name Trigesic, as the formula of 125 mg paracetamol, 230 mg aspirin, and 30 mg caffeine, in July 1950 by Squibb, which is now Bristol Myers Squibb, but was recalled in the following year due to several reports that the drug might cause blood dyscrasia. [5]
High caffeine consumption in energy drinks (at least one liter or 320 mg of caffeine) was associated with short-term cardiovascular side effects including hypertension, prolonged QT interval, and heart palpitations. These cardiovascular side effects were not seen with smaller amounts of caffeine consumption in energy drinks (less than 200 mg). [79]
The most common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, trouble breathing, and abdominal pain. [4] Other severe side effects may include liver problems, confusion, addiction, and allergic reactions. [4] Frequent use may result in medication overuse headache. [8] Barbiturate withdrawal may occur if rapidly stopped following long term use. [9]
The drugs and the enzymes they probe are as follows - caffeine (probes CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2, xanthine oxidase), midazolam (probes CYP3A), omeprazole (probes CYP2C19) and dextromethorphan (probes CYP2D6). After giving the cocktail, the concentrations of the drugs and their metabolites in plasma (for midazolam and omeprazole) and urine ...