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Arguments against the pledge include that the pledge itself is incompatible with democracy and freedom, that it is a form of nationalistic indoctrination, that pledges of allegiance are features of current and former totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany, [1] and that the pledge was written to sell flags.
The Pledge of Allegiance is a patriotic recited verse that promises allegiance to the flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. The first version was written in 1885 by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army officer in the Civil War who later authored a book on how to teach patriotism to children in public ...
The inventor of the Bellamy salute was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of The Youth's Companion. [1] Bellamy recalled that Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said, "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag', I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the ...
'What is happening to our country?'
Students have a constitutional right to refuse to say the Pledge of Allegiance, no matter what school officials think. Skip to main content. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290 ...
Each day across America, in classrooms big and small, at city schools and rural ones students recite the pledge of allegiance. Let's go back in time: It's 1892 and Chicago is preparing for the ...
The first decision of the Ninth Circuit was handed down on June 26, 2002, declaring that the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance violated the Establishment Clause. The 'Pledge Protection Act' would be introduced into the House of Representatives for the first time on July 8, 2002, as part of the 107th Congress.
Newdow v. Rio Linda Union School District (also known as Newdow v.Carey), Nos. 05–17257, 05–17344, and 06–15093, was a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit decision that upheld the constitutionality of the teacher-led recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance by students in public schools.